可降解颗粒包括在用于地下应用如钻井中能进行不可逆降解的可降解材料(其通常是可降解聚合物)。此处所使用的术语"一种颗粒"或"多种颗粒"是指具有以下物理形状的一种或多种微粒薄层、刨花、纤维、小薄片、带状、棒、条、球体、超环状、小球状、片或其它合适形状的。

Degradable particles include degradable materials (usually degradable polymers) that can be irreversibly degraded in underground applications such as drilling. The term "one particle" or "multiple particles" as used herein refers to one or more thin layers of particles, shavings, fibers, small sheets, ribbons, rods, strips, spheres, super rings, small spheres, sheets or other suitable shapes with the following physical shapes.

这种降解可以尤其是由化学或热反应或辐射引发的反应中所产生的。作为此处所用术语"一种聚合物"或"多种聚合物"并不暗示特定聚合度，例如，此定义还包括低聚物。可降解聚合物的可降解度通常少部分地取决于其骨架结构。例如：

This degradation can occur especially in reactions initiated by chemical or thermal reactions or radiation. As used herein, the terms "one polymer" or "multiple polymers" do not imply a specific degree of polymerization, for example, this definition also includes oligomers. The degree of degradability of degradable polymers usually depends at least in part on their skeleton structure. For example:

在骨架中存在的可水解和/或可氧化的键通常能产生可以如下所述进行降解的材料。这些聚合物的降解速率取决于重复单元的类型、组成、序列、长度、分子几何形状、分子量、形态(例如结晶度、球晶尺寸以及取向度)、亲水性、疏水性、表面积和添加剂。

Hydrolyzable and/or oxidable bonds present in the skeleton can generally produce materials that can be degraded as described below. The degradation rate of these polymers depends on the type, composition, sequence, length, molecular geometry, molecular weight, morphology (such as crystallinity, spherulite size, and orientation), hydrophilicity, hydrophobicity, surface area, and additives of the repeating units.

另外，该聚合物所处环境如温度、水分的存在、氧气、微生物、酶、pH等会影响其如何降解。可降解聚合物的物理性能取决于诸如重复单元的组成、链的柔性、极性基团的存在、分子质量、支化度、结晶度、取向度等几个因素。

In addition, the environment of the polymer, such as temperature, the presence of water, oxygen, microorganisms, enzymes, pH, etc., will affect how it is degraded. The physical properties of degradable polymers depend on several factors, such as the composition of repeating units, the flexibility of chains, the existence of polar groups, molecular weight, degree of branching, degree of crystallinity, and degree of orientation.

为了使用乳液法制备可降解颗粒，一般将可降解聚合物材料如聚(乳酸)溶解于卤化溶剂如二氯甲烷中以形成聚合物溶液，随后在充分剪切下向该聚合物溶液加入水和表面活性剂以形成乳液。

In order to prepare degradable particles by the lotion method, degradable polymer materials such as poly (lactic acid) are generally dissolved in halogenated solvents such as dichloromethane to form a polymer solution, and then water and surfactant are added to the polymer solution under full shear to form a lotion.

与目前制备可降解颗粒方法相关的一个问题是表面活性剂和/或多溶剂的必要性，乳液法和溶液沉淀法都需要使用不止一种的溶剂和/或表面活性剂。而且在这些方法中可能使用的卤化溶剂会造成健康问题并且影响环境。因此，不需要使用表面活性剂和/或包括卤化溶剂在内的多种溶剂的制备可降解颗粒的方法会是有益的，并且更节省成本。

A problem related to the current methods of preparing degradable particles is the necessity of surfactants and/or multi solvents. Both the lotion method and the solution precipitation method need to use more than one solvent and/or surfactant. Moreover, halogenated solvents that may be used in these methods will cause health problems and affect the environment. Therefore, a method for preparing degradable particles without using surfactants and/or multiple solvents including halogenated solvents would be beneficial and more cost-effective.

可降解颗粒包括在用于地下应用要点就讲解到这里了，您对此有什么想咨询的问题或者需求可以随时来我们网站http://www.1958666.com看看！

The key points of the application of degradable particles for underground use will be explained here. If you have any questions or needs, you can come to our website at any time http://www.1958666.com have a look!