聚合物纳米颗粒（NPs）由于其生物降解性，生物相容性以及高度可定制的药物加载和释放能力而被广泛用于生物医学应用。尽管有许多关于NP力学对纳米生物相互作用（例如内在化，吸收，运输和降解）影响的报道，但在与聚合物NP利用率相对应的条件下，还没有系统地表征聚合物NP力学。

Polymer nanoparticles (NPS) are widely used in biomedical applications because of their biodegradability, biocompatibility and highly customizable drug loading and release capabilities. Although there are many reports on the effects of NP mechanics on nano biological interactions (such as internalization, absorption, transport and degradation), there is no systematic characterization of polymer NP mechanics under the conditions corresponding to the utilization of polymer NP.

这种缺陷的根源在于，尽管原子力显微镜（AFM）非常适合表征纳米级材料（即NP），但在生理条件下（例如，缓冲液中的37°C）进行的实验具有挑战性，需要专用设备。虽然可以使用大量测量值来推断NP的机械性质以了解生物学功能，但这种推断所依据的假设是，悬浮在缓冲液中并加热生理温度不会显着改变NP的力学。

The root of this defect is that although atomic force microscopy (AFM) is very suitable for characterizing nanoscale materials (i.e. NP), experiments under physiological conditions (e.g. 37 ° C in buffer) are challenging and require special equipment. Although a large number of measurements can be used to infer the mechanical properties of NP to understand its biological function, this inference is based on the assumption that suspension in buffer and heating to physiological temperature will not significantly change the mechanics of NP.

这种假设适用于某些无机NP，例如由金属和氧化物组成的那些。此外，对具有不同机械性能的二氧化硅纳米胶囊的系统研究发现，吞噬作用和靶向肿瘤的过程对纳米颗粒的硬度有很强的依赖性。

This assumption applies to some inorganic NPs, such as those composed of metals and oxides. In addition, the systematic study of silica nanocapsules with different mechanical properties found that the processes of phagocytosis and tumor targeting were strongly dependent on the hardness of nanoparticles.

生物降解颗粒研究人员认为，尽管可生物降解的聚酯纳米粒子广泛用于药物递送，并且有报道称纳米粒子力学对纳米生物相互作用具有强大的影响，但在生理相关条件下，对这些纳米粒子的力学却缺乏系统的研究。近年来有研究团队报告使用原子力显微镜对聚乳酸和聚丙交酯乙交酯纳米颗粒的压痕实验。虽然发现干燥的纳米颗粒在室温下是刚性的，但是发现它们的弹性模量在模拟的生理条件下（即在37℃的水中）降低了多达30倍。

Biodegradable particle researchers believe that although biodegradable polyester nanoparticles are widely used in drug delivery, and it is reported that nano particle mechanics has a strong impact on nano biological interactions, there is a lack of systematic research on the mechanics of these nanoparticles under physiological related conditions. In recent years, a research team has reported the indentation experiment of polylactic acid and polylactide glycolide nanoparticles using atomic force microscope. Although the dried nanoparticles were found to be rigid at room temperature, their elastic modulus was found to be reduced by up to 30 times under simulated physiological conditions (i.e. in 37 ℃ water).

差示扫描量热法证实该软化可归因于纳米颗粒的玻璃化转变。结合机械和热分析特性，研究了微型化，分子量和浸入水中的塑化效果。总的来说，这些实验为实验家们探索聚合物纳米粒子力学与体内行为之间的关系提供了见识。

Differential scanning calorimetry confirmed that the softening could be attributed to the glass transition of nanoparticles. The miniaturization, molecular weight and plasticizing effect in water were studied by combining the mechanical and thermal analysis characteristics. In general, these experiments provide insights for experimenters to explore the relationship between the mechanics of polymer nanoparticles and their behavior in vivo.

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